Alhamdulillah. I am pleased to begin with you a series of Qur’anic interpretation lessons according to the authentic Sunni methodology. We will start with Surah Al-Fatihah, which is the greatest chapter in the Qur’an. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) described it as a ruqyah (a healing supplication), a light, and a chapter unlike any revealed in the previous scriptures.
It is comprehensive of all Islamic concepts and Qur’anic meanings. This Surah is Makkan, and it consists of seven verses by consensus. Prayer is invalid without it, as it must be recited in every prayer. For this reason, Allah has named it “As-Sab‘ Al-Mathani” (The Seven Oft-Repeated Verses)
1. In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
I begin my recitation of the Book of Allah by invoking His Name, as an act of reverence, seeking His assistance, and seeking blessing through His mention, the Glorious and Exalted.
He is Allah, the Most Gracious, whose mercy encompasses all creatures. Among the manifestations of His mercy is the sending of Muhammad (Peace and Blessings Be Upon Him) and the revelation of the Qur’an to guide humanity.
He is also Allah, the Most Merciful, who has specially granted His mercy to His believing servants. Among the fruits of this mercy is their guidance and admission to Paradise in the Hereafter.
2. All praise is due to Allah, Lord of all the worlds.
I offer complete and rightful praise to Allah for His perfect essence, and I thank Him for His blessings upon His servants.
He is the Master, the Owner, the Chief, and the Manager of all affairs in this universe and all its creatures: the Lord of the heavens, the earth, and all that lies between them.
3. The Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
He is the Lord, the Most Gracious, whose mercy extends to all creation. Among the effects of His mercy are their provision of food, drink, sustenance, and worldly bliss.
He is the Lord, the Most Merciful, toward His believing servants. Among the benefits of His mercy is the granting of worldly enjoyment as a reward for their faith and worship of Allah.
From His mercy also come every blessing He bestows upon His creatures, every easing of hardship, and every protection from harm.
Moreover, His mercy includes the trials He sends to believers as a means of expiating their sins, elevating their ranks, and protecting them from greater harm.
All that leads to the betterment of the conditions of creation, and the rectification of their affairs in religion, worldly life, or the Hereafter—whether they appreciate it or not, whether they comprehend its wisdom or not—falls within the scope of Allah’s mercy.
4. Master of the Day of Judgment.
Allah is the Sovereign in control of the affairs of His servants on the Day of Resurrection.
It is the day of accounting and recompense, when every soul is rewarded with Paradise or punished with Hellfire.
It is the day when every kingdom on earth will cease to exist, leaving only the dominion of Allah.
On that day, no one can benefit or harm another, nor will there be any mutual interests as in this world, except by Allah’s will.
5. You alone we worship, and You alone we ask for help.
As Muslims, we worship none but Allah alone, without any partner. We bear witness that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah, and that Muhammad (Peace and blessings be upon him) is His Messenger.
We obey Allah in what He commands in the Qur’an, and we obey His Messenger (Peace and blessings be upon him) in what he commands in his Sunnah. This is the worship of Allah that He has enjoined upon us in His Noble Book.
We seek assistance in matters of our religion and worldly affairs only from Allah, alone without any partner.
This is what Allah commanded us through the words of our Prophet Muhammad (Peace and blessings be upon him) when He said: “And when you seek help, seek help from Allah.”[1]
Worship and seeking help from Allah are divine obligations imposed upon the Muslims and constitute the foundation of their faith. The verse presents this in the voice of the believers themselves.
6. Guide us to the Straight Path.
The believers supplicate their Lord, saying: O Allah, guide us to Your straight path, keep us steadfast in the religion of Islam, and increase us in guidance therein.
This is the true religion and the path of Allah that is straight—free from any crookedness, misguidance, or deviation from the truth.
Whoever holds firmly to Islam will find his affairs set right and his path will lead to the pleasure of Allah and Paradise…
7. The path of those upon whom You have bestowed Your favor, not of those who have incurred Your wrath, nor of those who have gone astray.
O Allah, keep us firm on the religion of Islam, the path followed by those You have favored—prophets, the truthful, the martyrs, and the righteous.[2]
We seek refuge in You from the religion of the Jews, upon whom Your wrath descended, and we ask that we do not follow their way to incur Your anger as they did.
We seek refuge in You from the religion of the Christians, who went astray from the truth, and we ask that we do not follow their path to become misguided as they did.
Indeed, the religion before Allah is Islam. Praise be to Allah for the blessing of Islam.[3]
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[1] In a noble hadith narrated by Ibn Abbas, he said: “I was behind the Messenger of Allah (Peace and blessings be upon him) one day when he said, ‘O young boy, I will teach you some words:
‘Be mindful of Allah, and He will protect you; Be mindful of Allah, and you will find Him before you; If you ask, ask Allah; And if you seek help, seek help from Allah…’” [This is an authentic hadith reported by Al-Tirmidhi.]
[2] The title “As-Siddiqin” (The Truthful) is given to some who believed in the Prophets and supported them, such as the companions like Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, Maryam, daughter of Imran, and others.
[3] Wrath (anger) is an attribute firmly established for Allah the Exalted. Allah’s wrath toward the Jews is due to their disbelief after they had recognized the truth; their rejection was done knowingly. On the other hand, the Christians’ misguidance stems from their disbelief in Allah, attributing to Him what they did not know, and worshiping Him without knowledge. Both groups are described as being under Allah’s wrath and astray. However, Allah’s wrath toward the Jews is more severe, which is why He mentioned their wrath explicitly, whereas the Christians’ state is described primarily as misguidance.
Anyone who follows their path outside Islam falls under the same description Allah used for both groups. Meanwhile, Muslims are those who worship Allah with knowledge, avoiding the ways of the Jews, Christians, and others.
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